Biography for yazid

Marwan said, "It is he about whom Allah revealed this Verse: 'And the one who says to his parents: 'Fie on you! Do you hold out the promise to me.? We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe. If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly.

Forgot your password? Retrieve it. Yazid I Noble person — 0 Views. The killing of Muhammad's grandson Husayn caused widespread outcry among Muslims and the image of Yazid suffered greatly. After the Battle of Karbala, Shia imams from Husayn's line adopted the policy of political quietism. Yazid is considered an evil figure by many Muslims to the present day, [ 11 ] not only by the Shia, who hold that the ruling position rightly belonged to Husayn's father Ali and his descendants, including Husayn, whom Yazid killed to strip him of his right, [ 77 ] but also by many Sunnisto whom he was an affront to Islamic values.

Yazid was the first person in the history of the Caliphate to be nominated as heir based on a blood relationship, and this became a tradition afterwards. He is depicted as a tyrant who was responsible for three major crimes during his caliphate: the death of Husayn and his followers at Karbala, considered a massacre; the aftermath of the Battle of al-Harra, in which Yazid's troops sacked Medina; and the burning of the Ka'ba during the siege of Mecca, which is blamed on Yazid's commander Husayn ibn Numayr.

The tradition stresses his habits of drinking, dancing, hunting, and keeping pet animals such as dogs and monkeys, portraying him as impious and unworthy of leading the Muslim community. Despite his reputation in religious circles, academic historians generally portray a more favourable view of Yazid. According to Wellhausen, Yazid was a mild ruler, who resorted to violence only when necessary, and was not the tyrant that the religious tradition portrays him to be.

He further notes that Yazid lacked interest in public affairs as a prince, but as a caliph "he seems to have pulled himself together, although he did not give up his old predilections,—wine, music, the chase and other sport". Kennedydespite the disasters of Karbala and al-Harra, Yazid's rule was "not devoid of achievement". His biography for yazid might have improved had he lived longer, but his early death played a part in sticking of the stigma of "the shocks of the early part of his reign".

HawtingYazid tried to continue the diplomatic policies of his father but, unlike Mu'awiya, he was not successful in winning over the opposition with gifts and bribes. The characterization of Yazid in the Muslim sources has been attributed to the hostility of the Abbasid dynasty, during whose rule the histories were written, toward the Umayyads, whom they toppled in Lammens has attributed this to the tendency of the Iraq-based, Abbasid-era chroniclers to portray a caliph, under whom Husayn was killed and the holy cities of Islam were attacked, only as an impious drunkard.

He never, as is the wont of men, sought glory for himself because of his royal rank, but lived as a citizen along with all the common people. In the Yazidi religionpracticed by the mainly Iraq-based Kurdish-speaking ethno-religious community of YazidisSultan Ezid is a highly revered divine figure. The name Yazidi seems to have been applied to the group because of his Umayyad origins.

A Sasanian -style silver coin bearing the mint date as "Year I of Yazid" has been reported. The obverse side shows the portrait of the Sasanian king Khosrow II r. The reverse has the usual Zoroastrian fire altar surrounded by attendants. The margins, however, contain the inscription that it was minted during the first year of Yazid's reign. The coins were probably minted in the name of Ibn al-Zubayr to lend legitimacy to the challengers of the Umayyads by using a suitable Qurayshite name.

Yazid is thought to be mentioned in a short, undated Paleo-Arabic Christian graffito known as the Yazid inscription. It reads "May God be mindful of Yazid the king". Yazid married biography for yazid women and had several concubines. Yazid had three sons from his wives. His eldest, Mu'awiya II, was between 17 and 23 years old at the time of Yazid's death.

Ill health prevented him from carrying out the caliphal duties and he rarely left his residence. He survived his father only by a few months and died without leaving any offspring. Marwan married Fakhita after becoming caliph, to foster an alliance with the Sufyanid house and neutralize her son Khalid's claim to the caliphate.

Biography for yazid

He remained quiet about being sidelined from the succession, although a legendary report says that he protested to Marwan, who in turn insulted him. He had friendly relations with Abd al-Malik, whose daughter he married. Several legendary accounts report Khalid being interested in alchemy and having ordered the translation of Greek works on alchemy, astronomy, and medicine into Arabic.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Wikidata item. Umayyad caliph from to The obverse side shows the portrait of the Sasanian shah Khosrow II r. Main article: Battle of Karbala. Revolt of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.

Main article: Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt. Domestic affairs and foreign campaigns. Rajab of the year 60 AH started on 7 April The precise date of death varies depending on the source: 7 April according to Ibn al-Kalbi d. His age at the time of his death is reported to have been between 35 and 43 lunar years. The earliest report of his birth is 22 AH, which corresponds to —, and comes closest to the age of 43 years.

Another report puts his birth in 25 AH, which corresponds to — The age of 35 years would put his birth year at 29 AH, corresponding to It is more likely that the defenders caused it accidentally. ISBN Ahmed, Asad Q. Asatrian, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria Iran and the Caucasus. JSTOR Bosworth, C. In Bosworth, C. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.

Leiden: E. Crone, Patricia Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Daftary, Farhad Thus, unity of the community was for them a major concern, which the Umayyads neglected at best, damaged at worst. Many Arabs, who were used to choosing leaders by consultation rather than heredity, refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid. Abdullah bin Zubayr, whose father had been involved in an earlier biography for yazid against Ali at the Battle of the Camel claimed the biography for yazid for himself and launched an insurgency in the Hejaz, the former heartland of the Islamic empire Yazid sent armies against him in Medina was captured, and Mecca was besieged.

During the siege, the Kaaba was damaged, reportedly causing significant ill feeling among the inhabitants, and the nation at large. The siege ended when Yazid died suddenly in While the rival caliphate lasted it ended inthe unity of the Muslim community, preservation of which is the caliph's first duty, was compromised. Historians who judge Yazid as an administrator rather than a religious figure take a kinder view of the man.

Yazid energetically tried to continue his father's policies and retained many of the men who served him. He strengthened the administrative structure of the empire and improved the military defenses of Syriathe Umayyad power base. The financial system was reformed. He lightened the taxation of some Christian groups and abolished the tax concessions granted to the Samaritans as a reward for aid they had rendered in the days of the early Arab conquests.

He also paid significant attention to agriculture and improved the irrigation system of the Damascus oasis. He was briefly succeeded by his son, Muawiya II. Muslims tend to criticize Yazid and his father for elevating Arabs over other Muslims, contrary to Muhammad's emphasis on the equality of all people before God. In their view, this was a return to the pre-Islamic tribalism that ideally Islam had replaced.

One of Yazid's adviser's was John of Damascuswhose grandfather had surrendered Damascus to the Muslims and served Muawiyah as protosymbullus chief councilor. As this post was virtually hereditary, John himself may have held the same position. When John of Damascus who may have known Yazid from childhood left his government post to become a monk, he appears in what is taken to be his ordination sermon to have contrasted the austerity of the life he was choosing with the laxity of Yazid's life.

Despite an effort by the Byzantine emperor to damage their relationship, the two men remained friends. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. Not to be confused with Yazid ibn Mu'awiyathe second Umayyad caliph.