The prophet muhammad life

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Jesus Christ. Saint Nicholas. Jerry Falwell. Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Saint Thomas Aquinas. History of the Dalai Lama's Biggest Controversies. Saint Patrick. Pope Benedict XVI. John Calvin. Dalai Lama. Also known as Laylat al-Qadr. Muhammad left Makkah to live in Madinah. There was a war in Makkah between Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe, and Muhammad won.

Why is Muhammad known as the Seal of the Prophets? Show answer Hide answer. Because he was the final prophet — no others will come after him. By the 20th century, Muslim scholars unanimously rejected this incident. Historian Alfred T. Welch proposes that the period of Muhammad's turning away from strict monotheism was likely far longer but was later encapsulated in a story that made it much shorter and implicated Satan as the culprit.

Inan agreement was established whereby all other Quraysh clans were to enforce a ban on the Banu Hashimprohibiting trade and marriage with them. Despite facing increasing verbal abuse, Muhammad continued to navigate the streets and engage in public debates without being physically harmed. InMuhammad faced a period of sorrow. His wife, Khadijaa crucial source of his financial and emotional support, died.

However, upon hearing from Muhammad that Abu Talib and Abd al-Muttalib were destined for hell due to not believing in Islam, he withdrew his support. Muhammad then went to Ta'if to try to establish himself in the city and gain aid and protection against the Meccans, [ ] [ ] [ ] but he was met with a response: "If you are truly a prophet, what need do you have of our help?

If God sent you as his messenger, why doesn't He protect you? And if Allah wished to send a prophet, couldn't He have found a better person than you, a weak and fatherless orphan? However, instead of accepting his request, they pelted him with stones, injuring his limbs. Muhammad felt despair due to the unexpected rejection and hostility he received in the city; at this point, he realized he had no security or protection except from God, so he began praying.

Shortly thereafter, Utbah's Christian slave Addas stopped by and offered grapes, which Muhammad accepted. By the end of the encounter, Addas felt overwhelmed and kissed Muhammad's head, hands, and feet in recognition of his prophethood. On Muhammad's return journey to Mecca, news of the events in Ta'if had reached the ears of Abu Jahland he said, "They did not allow him to enter Ta'if, so let us deny him entry to Mecca as well.

But Akhnas declined, saying that he was only a confederate of the house of Quraysh. Muhammad then sent a message to Suhayl ibn Amirwho similarly declined on the basis of tribal principle. Mut'im agreed, and after equipping himself, he rode out in the morning with his sons and nephews to accompany Muhammad to the city. When Abu Jahl saw him, he asked if Mut'im was simply giving him protection or if he had already converted to his religion.

Mut'im replied, "Granting him protection, of course. Nowadays, Isra' is believed by Muslims to be the journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalemwhile Mi'raj is from Jerusalem to the the prophets muhammad life. Verse of the Quran recounts Muhammad's night journey from a revered place of prayer to the most distant place of worship.

The Kaabaholy enclosure in Mecca, is widely accepted as the starting point, but there is disagreement among Islamic traditions as to what constitutes "the farthest place of worship". Some modern scholars maintain that the earliest tradition saw this faraway site as a celestial twin of the Kaaba, so that Muhammad's journey took him directly from Mecca through the heavens.

A later tradition, however, refers to it as Bayt al-Maqdiswhich is generally associated with Jerusalem. Over time, these different traditions merged to present the journey as one that began in Mecca, passed through Jerusalem, and then ascended to heaven. The dating of the events also differs from account to account. As is well known, these two stories were later combined into one.

In Ibn Hisham 's account, the Isra' came first and then the Mi'raj, and he put these stories before the deaths of Khadija and Abu Talib. In contrast, al-Tabari included only the story of Muhammad's ascension from the sanctuary in Mecca to "the earthly heaven". Tabari placed this story at the beginning of Muhammad's public ministry, between his account of Khadija becoming "the first to believe in the Messenger of God" and his account of "the first male to believe in the Messenger of God".

As resistance to his proselytism in Mecca grew, Muhammad began to limit his efforts to non-Meccans who attended fairs or made pilgrimages. These men had a history of raiding Jews in their locality, who in turn would warn them that a prophet would be sent to punish them. On hearing Muhammad's religious message, they said to each other, "This is the very prophet of whom the Jews warned us.

Don't let them get to him before us! The next year, five of the earlier converts revisited Muhammad, bringing with them seven newcomers, three of whom were from the Banu Aws. At Aqaba, near Mecca, they pledged their the prophet muhammad life to him. Come Junea significant clandestine meeting was convened, again at Aqaba. In this gathering, seventy-five individuals from Medina then Yathrib attended, including two women, representing all the converts of the oases.

They concurred and gave him their oath, [ ] commonly referred to as the second pledge at al-Aqabah or the pledge of war. Paradise was Muhammad's promise to them in exchange for their loyalty. Subsequently, Muhammad called upon the Meccan Muslims to relocate to Medina. To avoid arriving in Medina by himself with his followers remaining in Mecca, Muhammad chose not to go ahead and instead stayed back to watch over them and persuade those who were reluctant.

Islamic tradition recounts that in light of the unfolding events, Abu Jahl proposed a joint assassination of Muhammad by representatives of each clan. Having been informed about this by the angel Gabriel, Muhammad asked his cousin Ali to lie in his bed covered with his green hadrami mantle, assuring that it would safeguard him. That nightthe group of planned assassins approached Muhammad's home to carry out the attack but changed their minds upon hearing the voices of Sawdah and some of Muhammad's daughters, since it was considered shameful to kill a man in front of the women in his family.

They instead chose to wait until Muhammad left the house the next morning; one of the men peeked into a window and saw what he believed to be Muhammad but was actually Ali dressed in Muhammad's cloakthough unbeknownst to them, Muhammad had previously escaped from the back of the residence. When Ali went outside to go for a walk the following morning, the men realized they had been fooled, and the Quraysh consequently offered a camel bounty for the return of Muhammad's body, dead or alive.

A few days after settling in Medina, Muhammad negotiated for the purchase of a piece of land; upon this plot, the Muslims began constructing a building that would become Muhammad's residence as well as a community gathering place masjid for prayer salat. Tree trunks were used as pillars to hold up the roof, and there was no fancy pulpit; instead, Muhammad stood on top of a small stool to speak to the congregation.

The structure was completed after about seven months in Aprilbecoming the first Muslim building and mosque; its northern wall had a stone marking the direction of prayer qibla which was Jerusalem at that time. Muhammad used the building to host public and political meetings, as well as a place for the poor to gather to receive alms, food, and care.

Christians and Jews were also allowed to participate in community worship at the mosque. Initially, Muhammad's religion had no organized way to call the community to prayer in a coordinated manner. To resolve this, Muhammad had considered using a ram's horn shofar like the Jews or a wooden clapper like the Christians, but one of the Muslims in the community had a dream where a man in a green cloak told him that someone with a loud booming voice should announce the service by crying out " allahu akbar " 'God is greater' to remind Muslims of their top priority; when Muhammad heard about this dream, he agreed with the idea and selected Bilala former Abyssinian slave known for his loud voice.

The Constitution of Medina was a legal covenant written by Muhammad. In the constitution, Medina's Arab and Jewish tribes promised to live peacefully alongside the Muslims and to refrain from making a separate treaty with Mecca. It also guaranteed the Jews freedom of religion. In the agreement, everyone under its jurisdiction was required to defend and protect the oasis if attacked.

Politically, the agreement helped Muhammad better understand which people were on his side. Following the emigration, the people of Mecca seized property of Muslim emigrants to Medina. Muhammad delivered Quranic verses permitting Muslims to fight the Meccans. Muhammad adjusted to the new direction, and his companions praying with him followed his lead, beginning the tradition of facing Mecca during prayer.

Permission has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged. And indeed, Allah is competent to give them victory. Those who have been evicted from their homes without right—only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah. And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might. Muhammad ordered a number of raids to capture Meccan caravans, but only the 8th of them, the Raid on Nakhlaresulted in actual fighting and capture of booty and prisoners.

The Muslims set an ambush for the the prophet muhammad life at Badr. A Meccan force was sent to protect the caravan and went on to confront the Muslims upon receiving word that the caravan was safe. They also succeeded in killing many Meccan leaders, including Abu Jahl. The Quranic verses of this period, unlike the Meccan verses, dealt with practical problems of government and issues like the distribution of spoils.

The victory strengthened Muhammad's position in Medina and dispelled earlier doubts among his followers. Pagans who had not yet converted were very bitter about the advance of Islam. They were killed by people belonging to their own or related clans, and Muhammad did not disapprove of the killings. This report, however, is considered by some to be a fabrication.

Muhammad expelled from Medina the Banu Qaynuqaone of three main Jewish tribes, [ 34 ] but some historians contend that the expulsion happened after Muhammad's death. Once the ransom arrangements for the Meccan captives were finalized, he initiated a siege on the Banu Qaynuqa[ ] regarded as the weakest and wealthiest of Medina's three main Jewish tribes.

The Banu Qaynuqa requested help from their Arab allies, but the Arabs refused since they were supporters of Muhammad. Following the surrender of the Qaynuqa, Muhammad was moving to execute the men of the tribe when Abdullah ibn Ubayya Muslim Khazraj chieftain who had been aided by the Qaynuqa in the past encouraged Muhammad to show leniency.

In a narrated incident, Muhammad turned away from Ibn Ubayy, but undeterred, the chieftain grasped Muhammad's cloak, and refused to let go until Muhammad agreed to treat the tribe leniently. Despite being angered by the incident, Muhammad spared the Qaynuqa, stipulating that they must depart Medina within three days and relinquish their property to the Muslims, with a fifth khums being retained by Muhammad.

Back in Medina, Ka'b ibn al-Ashrafa wealthy half-Jewish man from Banu Nadir and staunch critic of Muhammad, had just returned from Mecca after producing poetry that mourned the death of the Quraysh at Badr and aroused them to retaliate. Muhammad did not contest this. He then gathered accomplices, including Ka'b's foster brother, Abu Naila.

They pretended to complain about their post-conversion hardships, persuading Ka'b to lend them food. On the night of their meeting with Ka'b, they murdered him when he was caught off-guard. Inthe Quraysh, wearied by Muhammad's continuous attacks on their caravans, decided to take decisive action. Led by Abu Sufyanthey assembled an army to oppose Muhammad.

Initially, he considered defending from the city center, but later decided to meet the enemy in open battle at Mount Uhudfollowing the insistence of the younger faction of his followers. As rumors of Muhammad's death spread, the Muslims started to flee, but he had only been injured and managed to escape with a group of loyal adherents. Satisfied they had restored their honor, the Meccans returned to Mecca.

Sometime later, Muhammad found himself needing to pay blood money to Banu Amir. He sought monetary help from the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir[ ] [ ] [ ] and they agreed to his request. When they found him at his home, according to Ibn IshaqMuhammad disclosed that he had received a divine revelation of a planned assassination attempt on him by the Banu Nadir, which involved dropping a boulder from a rooftop.

Muhammad then initiated a siege on the tribe; [ ] [ ] during this time he also commanded the felling and burning of their palm groves, [ ] which was an unambiguous symbol of declaring war in Arabia. Upon receiving a report that the Banu Mustaliq were planning an attack on Medina, Muhammad's troops executed a surprise attack on them at their watering place, causing them to flee rapidly.

In the confrontation, the Muslims lost one man, while the enemy suffered ten casualties. They asked Muhammad about using coitus interruptus to prevent pregnancy, to which Muhammad replied, "You are not under any obligation to forbear from that Despite having the choice, all of them chose to return to their country instead of staying. With the help of the exiled Banu Nadirthe Quraysh military leader Abu Sufyan mustered a force of 10, men.

Muhammad prepared a force of about 3, men and adopted a form of defense unknown in Arabia at that time; the Muslims dug a trench wherever Medina lay open to cavalry attack. The idea is credited to a Persian convert to Islam, Salman the Persian. The siege of Medina began on 31 March and lasted two weeks. Although the Meccan forces were swayed by suggestions that Muhammad was sure to be overwhelmed, they desired reassurance in case the confederacy was unable to destroy him.

No agreement was reached after prolonged negotiations, partly due to sabotage attempts by Muhammad's scouts. The Banu Qurayza eventually surrendered; according to Ibn Ishaqall the men apart from a few converts to Islam were beheaded, while the women and children were enslaved. Arafat and Barakat Ahmad have disputed the accuracy of Ibn Ishaq's narrative.

Kister has refuted the arguments of Arafat and Ahmad. In the siege of Medina, the Meccans exerted the available strength to destroy the Muslim community. The failure resulted in a significant loss of prestige; their trade with Syria vanished. Aisha was exonerated from accusations when Muhammad announced he had received a revelation confirming Aisha's innocence and directing that charges of adultery be supported by four eyewitnesses sura 24, An-Nur.

On the day the Quraysh forces and their allies withdrew, Muhammad, while bathing at his wife's abode, received a visit from the angel Gabriel, who instructed him to attack the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza. Abu Sufyan refused their requirement. Citing the intrigue of the Qurayza, Muhammad besieged the tribe, though the tribe denied the charges.

They then offered to leave without taking anything, but this was rejected as well, with Muhammad insisting on their unconditional surrender. When asked about Muhammad's intentions, he gestured towards his throat, indicating an imminent massacre. He immediately regretted his indiscretion and tied himself to one of the Mosque pillars as a form of penance.

After a day siege, the Banu Qurayza surrendered. The Muslims of Banu Aws entreated Muhammad for leniency, prompting him to suggest that one of their own should serve as the judge, which they accepted. Muhammad assigned the role to Sa'd ibn Mu'adha man nearing death from an infection in his wounds from the previous Meccan siege. Muhammad approved this pronouncement saying it aligned with the God's judgement.

The women and children were distributed as slaves, with some being transported to Najd to be sold. The proceeds were then utilized to purchase weapons and horses for the Muslims. A few months after the conflict with the Banu Qurayza, Muhammad organized a caravan to conduct trade in Syria. Zayd ibn Haritha was tasked with guarding the convoy. When they journeyed through the territory of Banu Fazarawhom Zayd had raided in the past, the tribe seized the opportunity for revenge, attacking the caravan and injuring him.

Upon his return to Medina, Muhammad ordered Zayd to lead a punitive operation against the Fazara in which their matriarch Umm Qirfa was captured and brutally executed. Early infollowing a dream of making an unopposed pilgrimage to Mecca, Muhammad embarked on the journey. He was dressed in his customary pilgrim attire and was accompanied by a group of followers.

Muhammad explained they had come to venerate the Kaaba, not to fight. As the negotiations were prolonged, rumors of Uthman's death began to spark, prompting Muhammad to call his followers to renew their oaths of loyalty. Uthman returned with news of a negotiation impasse. Muhammad remained persistent. In the end, the Quraysh sent Suhayl ibn Amran envoy with full negotiation powers.

Following lengthy discussions, a treaty was finally enacted, [ ] with terms:. Roughly ten weeks subsequent to his return from Hudaybiyya, Muhammad expressed his plan to invade Khaybara flourishing oasis about 75 miles km north of Medina. The city was populated by Jews, including those from the Banu Nadirwho had previously been expelled by Muhammad from Medina.

With the prospect of rich spoils from the mission, numerous volunteers answered his call. As dawn arrived and the city folks stepped out of their fortifications to harvest their dates, they were taken aback by the sight of the advancing Muslim forces. Muhammad cried out, " Allahu Akbar! Khaybar is destroyed. For when we approach a people's land, a terrible morning awaits the warned ones.

The spoils, inclusive of the wives of the slain warriors, were distributed among the Muslims. After a Jew disclosed his habitual presence around a particular ruin, Muhammad ordered excavations, and the treasure was found. When questioned about the remaining wealth, Kenana refused to divulge it. Kinana was then put through torture by Muhammad's decree and subsequently beheaded by Muhammad ibn Maslamah in revenge for his brother.

She accepted and agreed to become Muhammad's wife. Following their defeat by the Muslims, some of the Jews proposed to Muhammad that they stay and serve as tenant farmers, given the Muslims' lack of expertise and labor force for date palm cultivation. They agreed to give half of the annual produce to the Muslims. Muhammad consented to this arrangement with the caveat that he could displace them at any time.

While they were allowed to farm, he demanded the surrender of all gold or silver, executing those who secreted away their wealth. However, since no combat occurred, the rank and file had no claim to a portion of the spoils. Consequently, all the loot became Muhammad's exclusive wealth. At the feast following the battle, the meal served to Muhammad was reportedly poisoned.

His companion, Bishr, fell dead after consuming it, while Muhammad himself managed to vomit it out after tasting it. I said to myself: If he is truly a prophet, he will know about the poison. If he's merely a king, I'll be rid of him. The truce of Hudaybiyyah was enforced for two years. The tribe of Banu Khuza'ah had good relations with Muhammad, whereas their enemies, the Banu Bakrhad allied with the Meccans.

A clan of the Bakr made a night raid against the Khuza'ah, killing a few of them. The Meccans helped the Banu Bakr with weapons and, according to some sources, a few Meccans also took part in the fighting. After this event, Muhammad sent a message to Mecca with three conditions, asking them to accept one of them. These were: either the Meccans would pay blood money for the slain among the Khuza'ah tribe, they disavow themselves of the Banu Bakr, or they should declare the truce of Hudaybiyyah null.

The Meccans replied that they accepted the last condition. Muhammad began to prepare for a campaign. With minimal casualties, Muhammad seized control of Mecca. Upon learning that Mecca had fallen to the Muslims, the Banu Hawazin gathered their entire tribe, including their families, to fight. They are estimated to have around 4, warriors.

He ordered them to be destroyed and besieged the city, which was surrounded by walls.

The prophet muhammad life

After 15—20 days of failing to breach their defenses, he abandoned the attempts. When he divided the plentiful loot acquired at Hunayn among his soldiers, the rest of the Hawazin converted to Islam [ ] and implored Muhammad to release their children and women, reminding him that he had been nursed by some of those women when he was a baby.

He complied but held on to the rest of the plunder. Some of his men opposed giving away their portions, so he compensated them with six camels each from subsequent raids. Abu Sufyan and two of his sons, Mu'awiya and Yazidgot camels individually. Roughly 10 months after he captured Mecca, Muhammad took his army to attack the wealthy border provinces of Byzantine Syria.

Several motives are proposed, including avenging the defeat at Mu'tah and earning vast booty. This led to the revelation of Quran which rebuked those slackers. A group under Khalid ibn Walid that he sent for a raid also managed to acquire some booty including 2, camels and cattle. The Hawazin's acceptance of Islam resulted in Taif losing its last major ally.

On FebruaryMuhammad received a revelation granting idolaters four months of grace, after which the Muslims would attack, kill, and plunder them wherever they met. During the pilgrimage season, Muhammad personally led the ceremonies and gave a sermon. Among the key points highlighted are said to have been the prohibition of usury and vendettas related to past murders from the pre-Islamic era; the brotherhood of all Muslims; and the adoption of twelve lunar months without intercalation.

After praying at the burial site in JuneMuhammad suffered a dreadful headache that made him cry in pain. He could not walk there without leaning on Ali and Fadl ibn Abbasas his legs were trembling. His wives and his uncle al-Abbas fed him an Abyssinian remedy when he was the prophet muhammad life. He replied that God would not afflict him with such a vile disease, and ordered all the women to also take the remedy.

O God, forgive me and have mercy on me; and let me join the highest companions. Welch speculates that Muhammad's death was caused by Medinan fever, which was aggravated by physical and mental fatigue. Muhammad was buried where he died in Aisha's house. When Saud bin Abdul-Aziz took Medina inMuhammad's tomb was stripped of its gold and jewel ornamentation.

Adherents to WahhabismSaud's followers, destroyed nearly every tomb dome in Medina in order to prevent their veneration, [ ] and the one of Muhammad is reported to have narrowly escaped. With Muhammad's death, disagreement broke out over who his successor would be. With additional support, Abu Bakr was confirmed as the first caliph.

This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated the successor by Muhammad at Ghadir Khumm. Abu Bakr immediately moved to strike against the forces of the Byzantine Empire because of the previous defeat, although he first had to put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an event that Muslim historians later referred to as the Ridda warsor "Wars of Apostasy".

The Roman—Persian Wars between the two had devastated the region, making the empires unpopular amongst local tribes. Furthermore, in the lands that would be conquered by Muslims, many Christians NestoriansMonophysitesJacobites and Copts were disaffected from the Eastern Orthodox Church which deemed them heretics. Muhammad's life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra in Mecca —and post-hijra in Medina — Muhammad is said to have had thirteen wives in total although two have ambiguous accounts, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyyaas wife or concubine [ g ] [ ].

At the age of 25, Muhammad married the wealthy Khadija who was 40 years old. Muhammad is said to have asked for arrangements to marry both. Muhammad performed household chores such as preparing food, sewing clothes, and repairing shoes. Then, God made the hearts of both tribes inclined to Islam and love for God and His Messenger, blessings and peace be upon him.

After his immigration the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was permitted to fight the blasphemers. God made the Companions of our Prophet of mercy the same in belief, but diverse in characteristics. After the great Battle of Badr God exposed the treachery of the Jewish tribes of Madinah who had made a treaty with the Muslims. They were jealous, felt threatened by the victorious Muslims.

Hence, they began to break the terms of the treaty. Follow ShaykhSalim. The Blessed Household of the Messenger of God, peace be upon him We know from our beloved Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he was a shepherd at some time in his life. Ch The People of Yathrib Believe At the time of Hajj done in an invalid way by the blasphemers at the timethe Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to meet with the various tribes and call them to Islam.

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