Kisah harun al rashid biography

Sekalipun sebagai seorang khalifah, beliau masih sempat shalat yang bila dihitung setiap harinya mencapai seratus rakaat hingga beliau wafat. Beliau tidak meninggalkan hal itu kecuali bila ada uzur. Demikian pula, beliau biasa bersedekah dari harta pribadinya setiap harinya sebesar dirham. Beliau orang yang mencintai ilmu dan para penuntut ilmu, mengagungkan kehormatan Islam dan membenci debat kusir dalam agama dan perkataan yang bertentangan dengan Kitabullah dan as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah.

Her successor, the emperor Nicephorus, later denounced this treaty. In he was forced to make an even more humiliating treaty, which required kisah harun al rashid biography annual tribute to Baghdad. Though it is not mentioned in Arabic sources, there seem to have been diplomatic contacts between Rashid and Charlemagne c. Rashid recognized Charlemagne as protector of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem.

Nicholson thought he was an "irascible [irritable; readily angered] tyrant, whose fitful amiability [good-naturedness] and real taste for music and letters hardly entitle him to be described either as a great monarch or a good man. Despite all its violence and cruelty and its readiness to have human beings executed and tortured, the court of Harun al-Rashid undoubtedly had something which later ages admire.

It was far from being without a conscience, and in the quality of its living there were elements of grandeur and a nobility of style; and the tone of this life was set by Rashid and the Barmakids. Edited by John Howe. New York : New Amsterdam El-Hibri, Tayeb. New York : Cambridge University Press, Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

January 9, Retrieved January 09, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Rashid, Harun al.

Rashid, Harun al- gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. She was Harun's favourite concubine. Diya died much to Harun's sorrow. She caught the fancy of Ibrahim al-Mausili, whose songs in praise of her soon reached Harun's attention, who bought her for the enormous sum of 70, dinars. Her father was Abdullah.

She was a singer and a poet, and had been a slave girl of Abu Khalid al-Natifi. She accompanied him to Khurasan where he, and, soon after, she died. Another concubine was Ghadid, also known as Musaffa, and she was mother of Harun's daughters, Hamdunah [ 52 ] and Fatimah. She was the mother of Abu Ali. This jealousy escalated to the point where it became widely known.

Later, Shikl herself became pregnant and gave birth to Abu Ali. Despite the deaths of both mothers, the animosity between Abu Ali and Umm Abiha persisted. She had been formerly a concubine of his brother al-Hadi. Another of Harun's concubines was the captive daughter of a Greek churchman of Heraclea acquired with the fall of that city in Zubaidah once more presented him with one of her personal maids who had caught his fancy.

Harun's half-brother, while governor of Egypt from toalso sent him an Egyptian maid who immediately won his favour. Many anecdotes attached themselves to the person of Harun al-Rashid in the centuries following his rule. Saadi of Shiraz inserted a number of them into his Gulistan. Al-Masudi relates a number of interesting anecdotes in The Meadows of Gold that illuminate the caliph's character.

For example, he recounts Harun's delight when his horse came in first, closely followed by al-Ma'mun's, at a race that Harun held at Raqqa. Al-Masudi tells the story of Harun setting his poets a challenging task. When others failed to please him, Miskin of Medina succeeded superbly well.

Kisah harun al rashid biography

The poet then launched into a moving account of how much it had cost him to learn that song. Harun laughed and said that he did not know which was more entertaining, the song or the story. He rewarded the poet. There is also the tale of Harun asking Ishaq ibn Ibrahim to keep singing. The musician did so until the caliph fell asleep.

Then, strangely, a handsome young man appeared, snatched the musician's lute, sang a very moving piece al-Masudi quotes it and left. On awakening and being informed of that, Harun said Ishaq ibn Ibrahim had received a supernatural visitation. Shortly before he died, Harun is said to have been reading some lines by Abu al-Atahiya about the transitory nature of the power and pleasures of this world, an anecdote related to other caliphs as well.

Every morning, Harun gave one thousand dirhams to charity and made one hundred prostrations a day. Harun was terrified for his soul in the afterlife. It was reported that he quickly cried when he thought of God and read poems about the briefness of life. Soon after he became caliph, Harun asked his servant to bring him Ibn al-Sammak, a renowned scholar, to obtain wisdom from him.

Harun asked al-Sammak what he would like to tell him. Al-Sammak replied, "I would like you always to remember that one day you will stand alone before your God. You will then be consigned either to Heaven or to Hell. His servant cried out in protest that the Prince of the Faithful will definitely go to heaven after he has ruled justly on earth.

However, al-Sammak ignored the interruption and looked straight into the eyes of Harun and said that "you will not have this man to defend you on that day. An official, Maan ibn Zaidah, had fallen out of favor with Harun. When Harun saw him in court, he said that "you have grown kisah harun al rashid biography. On Hajjhe distributed large amounts of money to the people of Mecca and Medina and to poor pilgrims en route.

He always took a number of ascetics with him, and whenever he was unable to go on pilgrimage, he sent dignitaries and three hundred clerics at his own expense. One day, Harun was visiting a dignitary when he was struck by his beautiful slave. Harun asked the man to give her to him. The man obliged but was visibly disturbed by the loss. Afterward, Harun felt sorry for what he had done and gave her back.

Harun was an excellent horseman, enjoyed hunting with Salukis, falcons, and hawks and was fond of military exercises such as charging dummies with his sword. Harun was also the first Abbasid caliph to have played and promoted chess. Harun desired a slave girl that was owned by an official named Isa who refused to give her to Harun, despite threats.

Isa explained that he swore in the middle of a sex act that if he ever gave away or sold her, he would divorce his wife, free his slaves, and give all of his possessions to the impoverished. Yusuf, a judge and advisor to Harun, was called to arbitrate the case and to figure out a legal way for Isa to maintain his belongings even if Harun walked away with the girl.

Yusuf decided that if Isa gave half of the girl to Harun and sold him the other half, it could not be said that Isa had either given her away or sold her, keeping his promise. Harun had an anxious soul and supposedly was prone to walk the streets of Baghdad at night. At times Ja'far ibn Yahya accompanied him. The night-time tours likely arose from a genuine and sympathetic concern in the well-being of his people, for it is said that he was assiduous to relieve any of their trials and tend to their needs.

He first removed and arrested Ali bin Isa bin Mahan but the revolt continued unchecked. Harun had dismissed Ali and replaced him with Harthama ibn A'yanand in marched himself east to deal with the rebel Rafi ibn al-Laythbut died in March while at Tus. Due to this historical event, the Dar al-Imarah was known as the Mausoleum of Haruniyyeh.

After Harun's death in he was succeeded by Al-Amin. Al-Rashid become a prominent figure in the Islamic and Arab culturehe has been described as one of the most famous Arabs in history. All the Abbasid caliphs after him were his descendants. About his accession famous poet and musician al-Mawsili said:. Did you not see how the sun came out of hiding on Harun's accession and flooded the world with light [ 70 ].

About his reign, famous Arab historian Al-Masudi said:. So great were the Splendour and riches of his reign, such was its prosperity, that this period has been called "the Honeymoon". Al-Rashid become the progenitor of subsequent Abbasid caliphs. Al-Rashid nominated his son Muhammad al-Amin as his first heir. Muhammad had an elder half-brother, Abdallah, the future al-Ma'mun r.

Among his sons, al-Amin became caliph after his death in Al-Amin ruled from tountil a civil war broke between him and his brother Abdallah al-Ma'mun Governor of Khorasan. The reason of war were that caliph al-Amin tried to remove al-Ma'mun as his heir. Al-Ma'mun became caliph in and ruled the caliphate for two decades until Beliau menjadi khalifah menggantikan kakaknya, al-Hadi pada tahun H.

Beliau merupakan khalifah paling baik, dan raja dunia paling agung pada waktu itu. Beliau biasa menunaikan haji setahun dan berperang setahun. Sekalipun sebagai seorang khalifah, beliau masih sempat shalat yang bila dihitung setiap harinya mencapai seratus rakaat hingga beliau wafat. Beliau tidak meninggalkan hal itu kecuali bila ada uzur.