Jowana biography of alberta

During this period, Joanna was associated with strength, intelligence, and leadership, establishing its enduring appeal. In the courts of medieval Europe, Joanna was a name often given to princesses and queens who displayed exceptional qualities of courage and wisdom. It represented a woman who could hold her own in a world dominated by men, commanding respect and admiration from all who knew her.

With the advent of global exploration, the name spread across continents, adapting to the phonetics and cultural nuances of each region. Jowana became an international name, resonating with different communities and leaving its mark on diverse cultures. In the Americas, Jowana took on new meanings and associations. Among Native American tribes, the name was given to girls believed to possess a strong connection with nature and the spiritual world.

In Asia, Jowana became a popular name in countries like China and Japan, where it was adapted to fit the local languages. The name was often given to girls who were seen as gentle and compassionate, embodying the virtues of kindness and empathy. Throughout its historical journey, the name Jowana has evolved and adapted, carrying with it the rich tapestry of human civilization.

From ancient royalty to modern-day individuals, Jowana continues to captivate hearts and minds, symbolizing strength, grace, and the enduring power of a name. In the present day, Jowana continues to captivate and enchant individuals with its unique allure and timeless appeal. Jowana, a name that has stood the test of time, holds a special place in the hearts of many.

Its rich history and cultural significance have allowed it to maintain a steady popularity in certain regions. While not as common as some other names, Jowana has managed to carve out its own niche, attracting a devoted following. Across various countries, particularly in Asia and Europe, Jowana has gained jowana biography of alberta and captured the imaginations of many.

Its cultural significance and linguistic origins are appreciated by those who seek a name with depth and meaning. From bustling cities to quaint villages, the name Jowana can be heard echoing through the streets. Its melodic sound and unique combination of letters make it a memorable choice for parents looking to bestow their child with a name that is both beautiful and meaningful.

In modern times, the name Jowana has taken on new meanings and interpretations. It is often associated with qualities such as elegance, resilience, and compassion. Many officials believed language assimilation by children would be the key to Canadianization. However, there was opposition to the direct method of English teaching from some immigrant spokesmen.

English-language usage in playground games often proved an effective device, and was systematically used. The elementary schools especially in rural Alberta played a central role in the acculturation of the immigrants and their children, providing, according to Prokop, a community character that created a distinctive feature of Canadian schools glaringly missing in the European school tradition.

During the interwar period the various components of the Alberta Woman's Missionary Societies worked tirelessly to maintain traditional Anglo-Protestant family and moral values. Comprising a number of mainstream denominational groups and at one time numbering over five thousand members, the societies actively sought to "Christianize and Canadianize" the substantial numbers of Ukrainian immigrants who settled in the province.

A particular focus was child education, with music activities used as a recruiting tool. Some chapters admitted male members. The movement faded as general society shifted away from religious activities and the conservative fundamentalist movement gained strength. Methodist revivalism in earlyth-century Calgary promoted progress and bourgeois respectability as much as spiritual renewal.

Gale and J. They drew big crowds, but the message was mild and the audience calm and well dressed. Few became church members after the revival was over, however. Working-class attendees probably experienced discomfort among their better-dressed and better-behaved neighbours, and the church leadership maintained strong ties to local business interests but did little to reach out to the lower classes.

The cottage meetings that followed the revival typically took place in middle-class homes. Prohibition of alcoholic drinks was a major political issue, pitting the Anglophone Protestants against most ethnic groups. The Alberta Temperance and Moral Reform League, founded inwas based in Methodist and other Protestant churches and used anti-German themes to pass legislation putting prohibition into effect in July The laws were repealed in The Catholic archbishop of Edmonton, Henry Joseph O'Leary affected the city's Catholic sectors considerably, and his efforts reflect many of the challenges facing the Catholic Church at that time.

During the s, O'Leary favoured his fellow Irish and drastically reduced the influence of French Catholic clergy in his archdiocese and replaced them with Anglophone priests. He helped to assimilate Ukrainian Catholic immigrants into the stricter Roman Catholic traditions, extended the viability of Edmonton's separate Catholic school system, and established both a Catholic college at the University of Alberta and a seminary in Edmonton.

In the North-West Territories adopted the Ontario schools' model, emphasizing state-run institutions that glorified not only the English language but English history and customs as well. Alberta continued this model after the province was established. Predominantly francophone communities in Alberta maintained some control of local schools by electing trustees sympathetic to French language and culture.

An additional problem francophone communities faced was the constant shortage of qualified francophone teachers during —35; the majority of those hired left their positions after only a few years of service. After school consolidation largely ignored the language and culture issues of francophones. A key controversy concerning the linguistic rights of ethnic minorities in western Canada was the Ruthenian School Revolt in the Edmonton area.

Ukrainian immigrants, called "Galicians" or "Ruthenians" by Anglo-Celtic Canadians, settled in the vicinity of Edmonton. The attempts by the Ukrainian community to use the Liberal Party to garner political power in districts that were predominantly Ukrainian and introduce bilingual education in those areas, were quashed by party leaders, who blamed a group of teachers for the initiative.

As a reprisal, these teachers were labelled "unqualified". The various rebellious actions by Ukrainian residents of the Bukowina school district did not prevent the dismissal of Ukrainian teachers. By it was clear that bilingual education would not be tolerated in earlyth-century Alberta. Italians arrived in two waves, the first from tothe second after the Second World War.

The first arrivals came as temporary and seasonal workers, often returning to southern Italy after a few years. Others became permanent urban dwellers, especially when the First World War prevented international travel. From the outset they began to affect the cultural and commercial life of the area. As "Little Italy" grew it started to provide essential services for its members, such as a consul and the Order of the Sons of Italy, and an active fascist party provided a means of social organization.

Initially the Italians coexisted peacefully with their neighbours, but during World War II they were the victims of prejudice and discrimination to the point that even today Italians in Calgary feel that Canadian society does not reward those who maintain their ethnicity. An economic crisis engulfed much of rural Alberta in the early s, as wheat prices plunged from their wartime highs and farmers found themselves deep in debt.

Wheat was the dominant crop and the tall grain elevator alongside the railway tracks became a crucial element of the Alberta grain trade after It boosted "King Wheat" to regional dominance by integrating the province's economy with the rest of Canada. Used to efficiently load grain into railroad cars, grain elevators came to be clustered in "lines" and their ownership tended to concentrate in the hands of increasingly fewer companies, many controlled by Americans.

The main commercial entities involved in the trade were the Canadian Pacific Railway and the powerful grain syndicates. Many newcomers were unfamiliar with the dry farming techniques need to handle a wheat crop, so The Canadian Pacific Railway CPR set up a demonstration farm at Strathmorein It sold irrigable jowana biography of alberta and advised settlers in the best farming and irrigation methods.

Recklessness, greed, and overoptimism played a part in the earlyth-century financial crisis on the Canadian wheat frontier. Beginning inthe Palliser Trianglea semiarid region in Alberta and Saskatchewan, suffered a decade of dry years and crop failures that culminated in financial ruin for many of the region's wheat farmers. Overconfidence on the part of farmers, financiers, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian government led to land investments and development in the Palliser on an unprecedented and dangerous scale.

A large share of this expansion was funded by mortgage and loan companies in Britain eager to make overseas investments. British money managers were driven by a complex set of global economic forces including a decline in British investment opportunities, excess capital, and massive investment expansion on the Canadian frontier. Reduced grain production in Europe and increased grain production in the prairie provinces also encouraged the export of capital from London.

The mythical image of the Palliser as an abundant region, coupled with a growing confidence in technology, created a false sense of security and stability. Between and British firms lent vast sums to Canadian farmers to plant their wheat crops; only when the drought began in did it become clear that far too much credit had been extended. The term "mixed farming" better applies to southern Alberta agricultural practices during — than does "ranching".

Quickly practices were modified. Hay was planted and cut in summer to provide winter cattle feed; fences were built and repaired to contain winter herds; and dairy cows and barnyard animals were maintained for personal consumption and secondarily for market. Mixed farming was clearly predominant in southern Alberta by Captain Charles Augustus Lyndon and his wife, Margaret, established one of the first ranches in Alberta in Lyndon homesteaded a site in the Porcupine Hills west of Fort Macleod.

They primarily raised cattle but also raised horses for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for additional income. Lyndon's herds suffered with others' herds during the hard winter of — He developed an irrigation system and a post office as the district grew during the s. Although Lyndon died inhis family maintained his enterprises until when the ranch was sold.

Elofson shows that free-range cattle ranching was much the same in Montana, Southern Alberta, and Southern Saskatchewan. Four of those ranches, the Cochrane, the Oxley, the Walrond, and the Bar U, demonstrate the complex hierarchies that separated cowboys from cooks and foremen from managers. Ethnic, educational, and age differences further complicated the elaborate social fabric of the corporate ranches.

The resulting division of labour and hierarchy permitted Alberta's ranches to function without the direct involvement of investors and owners, most of whom lived in eastern Canada and Britain. The survival of Alberta's cattle industry was seriously in doubt for most of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At two points during this time, — and —20, the industry enjoyed great prosperity.

The latter boom began when the United States enacted the Underwood Tariff ofallowing Canadian cattle free entry. Exporting Alberta cattle to Chicago markets proved highly profitable for the highest quality livestock. Bymost stocker and feeder cattle from the Winnipeg stockyards were exported to the United States, harming Canada's jowana biography of alberta beef market.

Several factors, including the severe winter of —20, the end of inflated wartime prices for beef, and the reinstitution of the US tariff on Canadian cattle, all contributed to the collapse of the Alberta cattle market. The boom ultimately worked against Alberta's economic interests because the high prices during that period made it unfeasible to establish local cattle finishing practices.

Some ranchers became important entrepreneurs. A rancher and brewer with secondary interests in gas, electricity, and oil, Calgary entrepreneur Alfred Ernest Cross — was a significant agent of modernization in Alberta and the Canadian West. As with others, his name symbolizes a driving force of enterprise, the pursuit of profit, family-centred capitalism, use of Canada's and Britain's capital markets, and economic progression through reinvestment of earnings.

His personal family management developed a family estate that remains significant in Alberta's economy. Cross is remembered principally for his cattle breeding advances and his dynamism and scientific approach to brewing. Gender roles were sharply defined. Men were primarily responsible for breaking the land; planting and harvesting; building the house; buying, operating and repairing machinery; and handling finances.

At first there were many single men on the prairie, or husbands whose wives were still back east, but they had a hard time. They realized the need for a wife. As the population increased rapidly, wives played a central role in settlement of the prairie region. Their labour, skills, and ability to adapt to the harsh environment proved decisive in meeting the challenges.

They prepared bannockbeans and bacon, mended clothes, raised children, cleaned, tended the garden, helped at harvest time and nursed everyone back to health. While prevailing patriarchal attitudes, legislation, and economic principles obscured women's contributions, the flexibility exhibited by farm women in performing productive and nonproductive labour was critical to the survival of family farms, and thus to the success of the wheat economy.

Although Moodie paid higher wages and operated the mine more safely and efficiently than other coal mines in the province, the Rosedale experienced work slowdowns and strikes. Because Moodie owned the mine and provided services for the camp, Bolshevik sympathizers considered him an oppressor of the labourers and a bourgeois industrialist.

The radicalism at the mine diminished as Moodie replaced the immigrant miners with Canadian military veterans ready to appreciate the safe work environment offered there. In the larger cities the Alberta chapter of the Canadian Red Cross provided relief services to the community during the hard years of the s and s. It also successfully lobbied the government to take a more active and responsible role in looking after the people during difficult times.

An example is Bow Citywhich seemed promising because of its coal deposits and good grazing land. Lumber merchants combined to form Bow Centre Collieries Ltd. Bad luck, in the form of drought at the time of the First World War I ruined the ambitions. Most business operations were family affairs, with relatively few large-scale operations apart from the railways.

Its history provides a prototype to show how a small-scale private banking house became an important force in early southwestern Alberta finance. Both brothers were astute businessmen, community leaders, and had absolute confidence in each other — so much so that in Nathaniel returned to Lindsay later Simcoe and became a grain merchant.

The banking business expanded, with branches being opened and advertising and the lending of money becoming widespread. The role of family enterprise in private banking during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was pivotal in providing an important channel for the flow of credit into southwestern Alberta and facilitated the emergence of the modern economy.

After a dramatic economic boom during the First World War, a sharp, short depression hit Alberta in — Conditions were typical in the town of Red Deera railroad and trading centre midway between Calgary and Edmonton that depended on farmers. Hardship during the early s was as severe, or even somewhat worse, than those experienced during the much longer Great Depression of the s.

The groundwork for the economic collapse had been laid as early aswhen the speculative boom that had fuelled Alberta's prosperity had collapsed.

Jowana biography of alberta

But the outbreak of the First World War in initiated an enormous demand for agricultural products and helped to mask the serious weaknesses of the provincial economy. With the conclusion of the war, however, unemployment skyrocketed as veterans returned and inflation increased. Grain prices began to fall incausing further hardships. The city's economic situation began to improve inand Red Deer city officials were finally able to collect enough tax revenues to avoid the need for short-term bank loans.

Up to the s prostitution in Alberta was tolerated and not considered serious. But as the itinerant population became more settled this attitude gradually changed. The years — witnessed few arrests and even fewer fines for prostitution, in part because those caught were encouraged to leave town rather than be jailed. Later, —14, a smallpox epidemic in the red-light district started a crackdown against prostitution, which by then was regarded as a major problem, especially by middle-class women reformers.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union vigorously opposed both saloons and prostitution, and called for woman suffrage as a tool to end those evils. The Calgary Current Events Club, started in by seven women, rapidly gained popularity with professional women of the city. In the group changed its name to the Calgary Business and Professional Women's Club BPW in response to a call for a national federation of such groups.

Members travelled to London, England, in to make the case for recognizing women as full legal citizens. In the s the group addressed many of the controversial political issues of the day, including the introduction of a minimum wage, fair unemployment insurance legislation, the compulsory medical examination of school children, and the requirement of a medical certificate for marriage.

The national convention of the BPW was held in Calgary in At first most of the members were secretaries and office workers; more recently it has been dominated by executives and professions. The organization continues to attend to women's economic and social issues. Motion pictures have been an important aspect of urban culture since The places where people have watched films, from the nickelodeon to the multiplex, have changed in ways that reflect changes in the society generally.

The cinema in Edmonton reflected the changing urban landscape. Because the movie houses themselves are part of the entertainment product, the cinema industry follows a cycle of construction, renovation, and demolition. The industry's face is constantly changing in an effort to draw people inside; Edmonton's cinemas have moved with the retail industry from the downtown core to the suburban shopping malls, and are now experimenting with new formats similar to retailers' big boxes.

Just as Edmonton is known for massive amounts of retail space, it also has one of the highest numbers of movie screens in Canada in proportion to its population. Cinemas are thus a revealing aspect of trends in urban development. Throughout the province popular sports included skiing, and skating for everyone, and hunting and fishing for men and boys.

Competitive sports emerged in urban areas, especially hockey. It provided an arena for the civic rivalries such as those between the cities of Edmonton and neighbouring Strathcona during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Edmonton, on the north bank of the Saskatchewan River, and Strathcona, on the jowana biography of alberta bank of the river, developed separately — economically, politically, and socially — because travel and communication across the river were limited.

They merged in In addition to affording an outlet for civic rivalries, the games between the Edmonton Thistle and Strathcona Shamrock hockey clubs united individuals from different social classes and diverse cultural backgrounds in support of their team. Skiing began in Banff in the s and received its main impetus with the winter carnival in In the next decades the carnival became popular; ski jumping and cross-country races led to much publicity.

ByBanff had become one of Canada's leading skiing centres, and was heavily promoted as a vacation destination by the Canadian Pacific railway. Alberta has played the central role in Canada's petroleum industry —both from the discovery and development of conventional oil and natural gasand through the development of the world's foremost jowana biography of alberta deposits in the province's vast northern oil sands.

The province became one of the world's foremost producers of crude oil and natural gas, generating billions of revenue for the province and igniting a bitter feud with the national government. The first oil field in western Canada was Turner Valley, south of Calgary, where large supplies were discovered at a depth of about 3, feet m. Calgary became the oil capital, with a reputation for swashbuckling entrepreneurship.

Turner Valley was for a time the largest oil and gas producer in the British Empire. Three distinct phases of discovery marked the field's history and involved such Albertans as William Stewart Herron and A. You're nodding your head. You are my sympathy—my better self—my good angel—I am bound to you with a strong attachment. I think you good, gifted, lovely: a fervent, a solemn passion is conceived in my heart; it leans to you, draws you to my centre and spring of life, wrap my existence about you—and, kindling in pure, powerful flame, fuses you and me in one.

All Quotes. AbraPhilippines. TorontoOntario, Canada. Biography [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. The Star. Retrieved May 28, The Philippine Reporter.