Business by victor hernandez cruz biography

Cruz, a Puerto Rican, relays the complexities of this business through the trials of a wise, risk-taking businessman. Cruz uses a man he respects and likes to share his ideas through a poem. During this thirty-four-line free verse poem, readers immediately learn that the speaker is of Spanish birthright. Consider the events that brought immigrants to mainland United States.

InPuerto Ricans voted to start their own government and to remain a commonwealth of the United States. Puerto Ricans adopted their new constitution in Together, Puerto Rico and the U. Congress devised an economic-stimulus plan, Operation Bootstrap, to deal with the trade and industry woes of the island. The plan called for U. In return, businesses avoided paying taxes for seventeen years.

From tothe number of factories increased from one hundred to six hundred. Yet, Operation Bootstrap could not guarantee employment for all Puerto Ricans. In Contemporary PoetsCruz reflects on the journey of his family to the mainland. He explains that his grandfather rolled cigars in Puerto Rico, thus making a living as a tobacconist. When the agricultural system of the island failed due to bad management, it displaced an enormous segment of the interior population.

Cruz, as quoted in Contemporary Poetsremembers staring out a window at the lower east side of Manhattan at the age of five. By age 15 he began to write, feeling a deep impulse to do so. Cruz learned first hand the challenges of migration. Like many other writers, Cruz seems to have captured the spirit of the dislocation that Puerto Rican immigrants felt in the mid-twentieth century.

He sells whistles and puppets, and plays a guitar. People in the crowded shopping areas toss money into his guitar. This somehow breaks the law, so law enforcement repeatedly arrests him. Readers must assume that he either does not have the proper license or does not meet the peddling requirements such as operating within legal hours, paying taxes, or selling at officially authorized locations.

Yet, the monkey man continues to do what he knows to earn his living. Establishing this background immediately allows for the readers to settle into the atmosphere typical of immigrant Puerto Ricans as they become a part of mainland United States. In the poem, an immigrant struggles with both worlds. Born into a society of extreme poverty, this man perhaps developed the persistence to sell his wares against all odds.

He survived extreme poverty. Perhaps forced to immigrate to the mainland, he continues to use the same skills, only to be arrested and prosecuted by his new world. This cultural dichotomy may perplex him; however, the character in the poem seems adeptly comfortable with his street vending business. His poems have been translated into five languages.

This leads us to examine street vending or peddling. As an established street vendor, the man in the poem finds himself caught between two desires: earning a living and abiding by the law. As he breaks the law in front of the judge who scorns him, the detectives and court clerks roll on the floor in laughter, indicating that they enjoy his business.

Subsequently, they buy his whistles and puppets. Why do vendors continue to violate these prescribed regulations?

Business by victor hernandez cruz biography

Why does this man say he is a monkey man? In literature, the monkey symbolizes play, zaniness, and intelligence. In fact, monkey behavioral patterns that seem irrational have a reason and a purpose. Watching monkeys in their native environments can be amusing, as they seem utterly carefree and zany. They love to play so much that female monkeys can overlook the fact that they have children to nurture.

Perhaps Cruz uses the analogy of a monkey to draw on these traits. Therefore, monkey man as an business by victor hernandez cruz biography is a fittingly symbolic one. He uses his play intelligently to fetch an income; like that monkey that looks silly, but who is actually testing the strength of a tree branch. In fact, the monkey man does his business so well that he sells whistles and puppets in any environment, even in the court.

By this, Cruz implies that through being mischievous, causing trouble, and pulling pranks, the monkey man learns how to survive. The monkey man knows that his business is not selling things, but it is about being who he is, just like the monkey. Although the United States offers many benefits, it challenges newcomers more than readers may realize.

Earning a living may not be easy. Language barriers, immigration status, disparities in income, and multicultural misunderstandings may be but a few things that make the transition to a metropolitan area a difficult one. To survive, newcomers may sometimes break the letter of the law, but perhaps they are showing drive and determination to earn a living in a difficult world.

James Press, Mohr, Eugene V. This anthology of Latino and Latina poets includes work that addresses topics such as cultural displacement, English as a second language, and the relationship between Spanish and English literary traditions. This anthology includes excerpts from poems, novels, and memoirs from both well-known and lesser-known Latino works.

Jones, Leroi, and Larry Neal, eds. This is one of the first anthologies to publish work written by Cruz, who has African as well as Spanish and Indian heritage. It provides a healthy sampling of African-American writing from the s. Stavans explores the history and psychology of Hispanic society in the United States, interweaving literary and political references with his personal experience.

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Business is a commercial activity engaged in as a means of livelihood or profit, or an entity that engages in such activities. The concept mainly applies to activities that are designed to supply commodities goods and services. The term business pertains broadly to commercial, financial, and industrial activity. Business involves managing people to organize and maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing particular creative and productive goals, usually to generate revenue and profit.

The etymology of the term refers to the state of being busy, in the context of the individual as well as the community or society. In other words, to be busy is to be doing a commercially viable and profitable activity. Business is distinguished from households and government, the remaining economic actors in any economy. Households play a pivotal role as suppliers of resources and demanders of final products.

Household consumption is the total expenditure by the household sector, which is financed by the sale of resources, mainly labor, in return for income. As society is deeply concerned, on normative grounds, with the equity of income distribution as well as with efficiency of production, the role of government is indispensable to a market economy.

The market system generates a range of inefficiencies as a result of market failure failure to produce goods and services efficiently, or failure to produce goods and services demandedso ongoing regulatory and redistributive roles are defined for government in a market-driven economy. This Study Guide consists of approximately 23 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Business.

Get Business from Amazon. View the Study Pack. Author Biography. Plot Summary. Historical Context. Literary Heritage. Sign In. This Study Guide consists of approximately 23 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Business. Get Business from Amazon. View the Study Pack.

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